A | Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。 为城市减少二氧化碳排放8万吨每日商报讯 昨日00时49分，随着一辆纯电动公交车完成能源补给，位于杭州市拱墅区的石塘公交充电站累计充电量正式突破1亿度大关，累计充电次数近94万车次。这是国网杭州供电公司旗下单座公交充电站首次突破1亿度，这一数字不仅标志着该站自2021年3月投运以来，稳定服务杭州公交电动化转型取得重大突破，也彰显了杭州在公共交通绿色能源保障与智慧管理方面走在全国前列。作为全国单期规模最大的公交充电站，石塘公交充电站总用地面积约6.5万平方米，配置401个充电停车位、304把充电枪，可满足400多辆电动公交车同时充电需求，日充电量最高可达6万度。智慧，更是石塘公交充电站的核心优势——站内数字化运营平台可实时监控每把充电枪的电流、电压等运行指标；“即插即充、无感支付”技术简化了操作流程；更重要的是，该站深度接入浙江高弹性电网智慧调度平台，可实现毫秒级的2万千瓦负荷实时智慧调度。“我们通过后台精准控制错峰充电，主动‘避让’居民用电高峰。”杭州市新能源汽车服务有限公司相关负责人何雨微介绍，在夏季用电高峰期，公司联合杭州公交集团提前制定有序充电方案，让公交充电负荷为城市电网“让路”，有力支撑了全市电力供需平衡。据统计，该站投运5年多来，每天可减少城市碳排放量约28吨，年均碳减排近1万吨。累计完成的1亿度充电量，相当于为城市减少了约8万吨二氧化碳排放。石塘站的“亿度”突破，是国网杭州供电公司深耕杭州公交充电领域的一个缩影。自2014年投运杭州市首个大型纯电动公交车换电站——九堡换电站以来，该公司持续拓展网络，截至目前，已累计建成公交充电站51座、充电枪2044个，为全市近一半电动公交车提供充电保障，大功率快充桩占比达100%，构建起覆盖主城、延伸区县的高效充电服务体系。
B | 接下来，国网杭州供电公司将重点加快县域公交充电站布局建设，并对现有场站充电设施进行智能化升级改造，同步探索充电功率调控、V2G（车辆到电网）等车网互动技术在公交场景的落地应用。比如，石塘公交充电站通过虚拟电厂远程调控压降960千瓦负荷、V2G桩参与电网调峰，验证了公交场景下车网互动的可行性与调节潜力。
C | 换句话说，未来电动公交车将不仅是用电单元，更可能成为城市电网的移动储能单元。
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