摘要：亲爱的公主病...

女超人

Political preferences clash with warship building realities as Trump pushes costly Ford class carrier revamp: experts_我的网站

wps

一 |

The USS Gerald R. Ford departs from Souda Naval Base near Chania on the island of Crete, Greece, on February 26, 2026. Photo: VCGUS President Donald Trump's reported push to reshape the US Navy's next-generation aircraft carriers - from moving the island to abandoning electromagnetic catapults in favor of steam-powered systems - could impose heavy engineering, financial and schedule costs, Chinese military affairs experts said, warning of a widening gap between political preferences and the realities of building some of the world's most complex warships.
The Washington Post reported on Saturday that the US Navy is considering a major redesign of its new Ford-class aircraft carriers to better match Trump's preferred aesthetic, with the president favoring ships that more closely resemble US carriers from the World War II era. One option under study would move the carrier's island farther forward, toward the middle of the ship.
US officials cited by the report warned that such a change could require billions of dollars in redesign costs and cause substantial delays.
The potential island redesign comes only days after Trump ordered another far-reaching change to the Ford-class program. On Thursday, he signed a national security memorandum directing the Pentagon and Navy to develop a plan within 60 days to replace the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) with steam catapults and the Ford-class carriers' Advanced Weapons Elevators with hydraulic systems, beginning with the future USS Doris Miller, or CVN-81, USNI News reported.
Trump has repeatedly criticized EMALS as "too complex" and "not as effective as steam catapults," according to Reuters.
But the order would reverse a technology path the US Navy has pursued for more than a decade. When the Navy selected EMALS in 2009, it said the system would lower overall lifecycle costs, require less maintenance than steam catapults and place less physical stress on carrier-based aircraft, per Reuters.
As of March 2026, the USS Gerald R. Ford had conducted 36,863 EMALS launches, according to Pentagon documents cited by Reuters.
General Atomics, the manufacturer of EMALS, has warned against changing course on the Doris Miller, saying nearly 50 percent of production related to the system has already been completed and that a switch now would create significant cost, schedule and integration risks, according to Reuters.
Zhang Junshe, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Sunday that the Ford-class carrier's aft-positioned island is not merely an aesthetic choice, but is closely tied to flight-deck efficiency and landing safety. "Moving the island farther aft creates more space around the catapults for aircraft parking and handling, helping shorten launch preparation time, while also reducing airflow disturbance during aircraft recovery," he said.
Relocating the island forward would not be a simple cosmetic adjustment, but a major redesign affecting weight distribution, buoyancy, flight-deck layout and aerodynamics, with significant implications for both cost and schedule, Zhang noted.
Song Zhongping, another Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times that Trump's demand is one thing, but turning it into an actual warship design is another.
"The first four Ford-class carriers have either entered service or are already in different stages of construction, leaving very little room for fundamental changes to their overall designs," Song said. Even the fifth and sixth ships - the future USS William J. Clinton, CVN-82, and USS George W. Bush, CVN-83 - would face considerable cost and engineering consequences if the Navy attempts to overturn their established technological architecture, he said.
The US Navy officially announced the names of CVN-82 and CVN-83 in January 2025, per the US Navy official website.
"There is an obvious gap between US President's political will and the engineering realities of aircraft-carrier construction," Song said.
Such proposed changes come as Ford-class construction timelines have already grown considerably compared with those of the preceding Nimitz class. The US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) said in April that Nimitz-class carriers typically took seven to eight years to build, while Ford-class ships are currently taking roughly 10 to 11 years. In a separate assessment released this month, the CBO estimated that future Ford-class carriers under the Navy's 2027 shipbuilding plan could cost about $22 billion apiece.
"Electromagnetic launch represents an advanced direction in aircraft-carrier catapult technology and has far greater development potential than traditional steam catapults," Song said. "If the US gives up electromagnetic catapults and returns to steam catapults, that would be a technological regression and a step backward."
Echoing Song, Zhang said electromagnetic catapults offer more precise control of launch energy and broader compatibility with different types of carrier-based aircraft, while requiring less shipboard space than steam systems with their extensive high-pressure piping.
"Replacing EMALS with steam catapults on a Ford-class carrier already designed around electromagnetic launch would not only represent a technological step backward, but could also turn an attempt to reduce risk into a new source of engineering and system-integration risk," Zhang said.
。第二届世界人形机器人运动会举办期间，记者走访多家参展参赛企业观察到，从灵动精准的仿人五指灵巧手到绿茵场上带球射门的人形机器人，技术突破、新品迭出的背后，全方位、精细化的税惠政策与服务支持正助力构建起更健康的产业运营生态。 “今年运动会期间，我们K1、T2机器人也参与足球比赛运动项目。

二 | 截至2025年底，公司已完成千余台人形机器人交付，覆盖20多个国家的高校与科研机构，全球化占比超40%。”北京加速进化科技有限公司（简称“加速进化”）财务负责人尹凤娇介绍，加速进化是2023年成立于海淀区的国家高新技术企业，虽起步较晚，却已切实享受小微企业“六税两费”减半征收、研发费用加计扣除、高新技术企业所得税优惠及货物出口免抵退税等多重红利。在尹凤娇看来，机器人行业研发周期长、资金需求大，每一项核心算法的优化、每一个关键零部件的国产化替代，都依赖“真金白银”的长期支撑。税收优惠政策有效降低了税负成本、减轻了资金压力。规范的税务数据是资本运作的硬性条件，注重税务合规不仅提升了企业信用与市场竞争力，更为未来融资、股权改制等扫清了障碍。同时，真实可靠的财税数据也可有效帮助管理层看清真实盈利水平，为定价、投资、扩张提供可靠依据，避免失真数据带来决策失误。机器人产业涵盖核心零部件、整机制造、系统集成、软件开发及场景应用服务等多个环节，专精特新和高新技术企业占比较高。这类技术密集型企业的显著特点是研发项目多、周期长，前期利润偏低甚至亏损，同时还涉及技术转让、股权激励、软件销售、出口外销等多元业务，涉税场景较传统制造业更为复杂。 “针对机器人企业，我们重点落实了研发费用100%加计扣除、高新技术企业15%所得税税率优惠、软件产品增值税即征即退等税费政策，确保企业应享尽享。”北京市石景山区税务局苹果园税务所副所长冯晴晴介绍。

三 | 北京因时机器人科技有限公司首席市场官房海南介绍，作为高新技术企业，公司享受研发费用加计扣除政策，企业所得税的税率从25%降低至15%。政策支持下，公司也正把更多资源投向技术攻关和产品研发。 “针对辖区具身智能企业，我们分三阶段开展全周期精准涉税辅导。”北京市海淀区税务局东升税务所副所长龚飘霖介绍，除了在初创期引导企业筑牢合规基础，在项目立项阶段，结合机器人研发行业特点，税务部门就围绕研发费用分摊、设备折旧、委托研发等关键环节开展专项辅导，做实研发费用加计扣除、即征即退等政策落地；指导企业建立研发项目辅助账，明确政策适用口径，防范政策理解偏差引发的涉税风险，让政策红利真正转化为技术突破的燃料。

四 | 此外，为机器人企业资本化与全球化阶段做好“护航”，税务部门还组建专项团队提供“一对一”个性化辅导，提前梳理涉税要点、提示潜在涉税风险；针对企业出海布局需求，在税收居民身份证明开具、税收协定待遇适用、对外付汇代扣代缴等环节做好辅导，助力企业防范跨境税务风险。国家税务总局数据显示，上半年，现行支持科技创新主要政策和制造业发展的政策减税降费及退税高达1.91万亿元。从风险关口前移、厘清研发与生产费用边界，到收入确认等环节的提前预警，税务部门正以精细化服务帮助企业防范涉税风险。冯晴晴表示，下阶段，税务部门将持续深化大数据精准推送，围绕企业不同成长阶段，定向匹配税费政策，常态化开展走访调研，及时收集响应企业在技术转化、出口退税、股权激励等方面涉税诉求。